"vicarious" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "nonvicarious"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "omnivicarious"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "unvicarious"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious atonement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious experience"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious grief"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious learning"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious liability"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicariously"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicariousness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious plants"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious punishment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious reinforcement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious traumatization"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarity"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "la:vicārius<t:vicarious, substituted><bor>",
        "4": "-ous",
        "etydate": "17th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">“vicarious, adj.”, in <cite>OED Online ⁠</cite>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.</span>>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyk-der.\nLatin vicis\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin vicāriusbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish vicarious\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"curve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weyk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vicis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āzios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vicārius\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"vicarious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"vicarious\">\nFrom Latin vicārius (“vicarious, substituted”) + English -ous. First attested in the 17th century.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vicar"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of vicar",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyk-der.\nLatin vicis\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin vicāriusbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish vicarious\nFrom Latin vicārius (“vicarious, substituted”) + English -ous. First attested in the 17th century. Doublet of vicar.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vicarious (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vicar"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 43 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 43 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 41 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 43 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 34 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ous",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 34 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 33 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 38 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 35 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 29 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 26 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 27 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 27 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 27 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 27 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 27 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 26 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 29 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 26 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 25 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Delegated."
      ],
      "id": "en-vicarious-en-adj-7CGZNZ2q",
      "links": [
        [
          "Delegate",
          "delegate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "delegiran",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "делегиран"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "par procuration"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "stellvertretend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "anstelle von"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "übertragen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "nachempfunden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "in Vertretung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 10 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "delegirovannyj",
          "sense": "delegated",
          "word": "делегированный"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 43 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 43 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 42 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "text": "People experience vicarious pleasures through watching television.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              298,
              307
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1886, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 10, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde:",
          "text": "The pleasures which I made haste to seek in my disguise were, as I have said, undignified; I would scarce use a harder term. But in the hands of Edward Hyde, they soon began to turn toward the monstrous. When I would come back from these excursions, I was often plunged into a kind of wonder at my vicarious depravity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              38,
              47
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2025 January 6, Keir Starmer, 33:21 from the start, in Prime Minister's remarks on the NHS, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom:",
          "text": "These are people getting some sort of vicarious thrill from the street violence people like Tommy Robinson promote. Those that are attacking Jess Philips, who I'm proud to call colleague and a friend, are not protecting victims.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Experienced or gained by taking in another person’s experience rather than through first-hand experience, such as through watching or reading."
      ],
      "id": "en-vicarious-en-adj-DHjkRM-p",
      "links": [
        [
          "Experienced",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "gain",
          "gain"
        ],
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "read",
          "read"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "zástupný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "indirect"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "overgedragen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "indirect"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "par procuration"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "indirekt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "übertragen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "projiziert"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "begleitend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "másodkézből való"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "másodlagos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "közvetett"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "zameščajuščij",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "замещающий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "sprostredkovaný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "vicario"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "vicarial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 84 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
          "word": "vicariante"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "text": "The concept of vicarious atonement, that one person can atone for the sins of another, is found in many religions.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              84,
              93
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1900, James Frazer, chapter 26, in The Golden Bough:",
          "text": "As time went on, the cruel custom was so far mitigated that a ram was accepted as a vicarious sacrifice in room of the royal victim.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              100,
              109
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1920, H. Rider Haggard, chapter III, in The Blue Curtains:",
          "text": "In these, however, he had not much time to indulge, for a footman, still decked in the trappings of vicarious grief, opened the door with the most startling promptitude, and he was ushered upstairs into a small but richly furnished room.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "On behalf of others."
      ],
      "id": "en-vicarious-en-adj-Ja5BjJJc",
      "links": [
        [
          "On behalf of",
          "on behalf of"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "zamestvašt",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "заместващ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "plaatsvervangend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "toisen puolesta tehty"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "par procuration"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "sxvis nacvlad šesrulebuli",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "სხვის ნაცვლად შესრულებული"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "stellvertretend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "Ersatz-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "substituiert"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "más helyett végzett/elviselt/tapasztalt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "lang_code": "ja",
          "roman": "migawari-no",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "身代わりの"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "vicário"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "sprostredkovaný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "delegovaný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "zástupný"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "vicario"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "vicarial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "on behalf of others",
          "word": "vicariante"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪˈkɛəɹi.əs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪˈkɛəɹi.əs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪˈkɛɹi.əs/",
      "note": "Mary–marry–merry merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəˈkɛɹi.əs/",
      "note": "Mary–marry–merry merger"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vicarious.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-vicarious.ogg/En-us-vicarious.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-vicarious.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-vicarious.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/En-au-vicarious.ogg/En-au-vicarious.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/En-au-vicarious.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛəɹi.əs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vicarious"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyk- (curve)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ous",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛəɹi.əs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛəɹi.əs/4 syllables",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "nonvicarious"
    },
    {
      "word": "omnivicarious"
    },
    {
      "word": "unvicarious"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious atonement"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious experience"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious grief"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious learning"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious liability"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicariously"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicariousness"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious plants"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious punishment"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious reinforcement"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious traumatization"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarity"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "la:vicārius<t:vicarious, substituted><bor>",
        "4": "-ous",
        "etydate": "17th century<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">“vicarious, adj.”, in <cite>OED Online ⁠</cite>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.</span>>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyk-der.\nLatin vicis\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin vicāriusbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish vicarious\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"curve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weyk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vicis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āzios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vicārius\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"vicarious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"vicarious\">\nFrom Latin vicārius (“vicarious, substituted”) + English -ous. First attested in the 17th century.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vicar"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of vicar",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyk-der.\nLatin vicis\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin vicāriusbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish vicarious\nFrom Latin vicārius (“vicarious, substituted”) + English -ous. First attested in the 17th century. Doublet of vicar.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vicarious (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "vicar"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Delegated."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Delegate",
          "delegate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "text": "People experience vicarious pleasures through watching television.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              298,
              307
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1886, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 10, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde:",
          "text": "The pleasures which I made haste to seek in my disguise were, as I have said, undignified; I would scarce use a harder term. But in the hands of Edward Hyde, they soon began to turn toward the monstrous. When I would come back from these excursions, I was often plunged into a kind of wonder at my vicarious depravity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              38,
              47
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2025 January 6, Keir Starmer, 33:21 from the start, in Prime Minister's remarks on the NHS, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom:",
          "text": "These are people getting some sort of vicarious thrill from the street violence people like Tommy Robinson promote. Those that are attacking Jess Philips, who I'm proud to call colleague and a friend, are not protecting victims.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Experienced or gained by taking in another person’s experience rather than through first-hand experience, such as through watching or reading."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Experienced",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "gain",
          "gain"
        ],
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "read",
          "read"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "text": "The concept of vicarious atonement, that one person can atone for the sins of another, is found in many religions.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              84,
              93
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1900, James Frazer, chapter 26, in The Golden Bough:",
          "text": "As time went on, the cruel custom was so far mitigated that a ram was accepted as a vicarious sacrifice in room of the royal victim.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              100,
              109
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1920, H. Rider Haggard, chapter III, in The Blue Curtains:",
          "text": "In these, however, he had not much time to indulge, for a footman, still decked in the trappings of vicarious grief, opened the door with the most startling promptitude, and he was ushered upstairs into a small but richly furnished room.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "On behalf of others."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "On behalf of",
          "on behalf of"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪˈkɛəɹi.əs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪˈkɛəɹi.əs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪˈkɛɹi.əs/",
      "note": "Mary–marry–merry merger"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vəˈkɛɹi.əs/",
      "note": "Mary–marry–merry merger"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-vicarious.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-vicarious.ogg/En-us-vicarious.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-vicarious.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-vicarious.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/En-au-vicarious.ogg/En-au-vicarious.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/En-au-vicarious.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛəɹi.əs"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "delegiran",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "делегиран"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "par procuration"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "stellvertretend"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "anstelle von"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "übertragen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "nachempfunden"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "in Vertretung"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "delegirovannyj",
      "sense": "delegated",
      "word": "делегированный"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "zástupný"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "indirect"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "overgedragen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "indirect"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "par procuration"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "indirekt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "übertragen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "projiziert"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "begleitend"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "másodkézből való"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "másodlagos"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "közvetett"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "zameščajuščij",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "замещающий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "sprostredkovaný"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "vicario"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "vicarial"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "experienced or gained by the loss or to the consequence of another",
      "word": "vicariante"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "zamestvašt",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "заместващ"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "plaatsvervangend"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "toisen puolesta tehty"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "par procuration"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "sxvis nacvlad šesrulebuli",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "სხვის ნაცვლად შესრულებული"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "stellvertretend"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "Ersatz-"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "substituiert"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "más helyett végzett/elviselt/tapasztalt"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "migawari-no",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "身代わりの"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "vicário"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "sprostredkovaný"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "delegovaný"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "zástupný"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "zástupný"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "vicario"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "vicarial"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "on behalf of others",
      "word": "vicariante"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vicarious"
}